Design of Airports MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Design of Airports - Download Free PDF

ICAO recommends that basic runway length should be increased at the rate of 7% per 300 m rise in elevation above mean sea level.

2) Temperature correction

Airport reference Temperature (ART)

T m = Monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature of the hottest month.

T a = Monthly mean of the average daily temperature of the hottest month

Rise in temperature = ART - SAT

SAT is Standard Atmospheric Temperature

NOTE: Due to the elevation, there is a decrease in standard temperature at the rate of -6.5 0 c per 1000 m rise.

As per ICAO, Basic runway length after correction for elevation should be further increased at the rate of 1% for every 1° C rise of the airport reference temperature

Correction for temperature

Note: As per ICAO, the cumulative connection for elevation and temperature Cumulative (%) correction together should not be ≯35%

If exceeds modify, I 2 = 1.35 x I

3) Gradient correction

For every 1% effective gradient, runway length will be increased by 20%

Design of Airports Question 2:

The point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway is called as:

1. base width of hanger
2. effective flight width
3. effective length of runway
4. effective length of taxiway

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Design of Airports Question 2 Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Effective length of runway:

For takeoff, effective length of the runway means the distance from the end of the runway at which the takeoff is started to a point at which the obstruction clearance plane associated with the other end of the runway intersects the runway centerline.

Additional Information

Basic Runway Length:

• It refers to the length of an airport runway under the following assumptions: ​
  • ​ No wind is blowing on runway;
  • Runway is levelled (No effective gradient);
  • Airport is at sea level and Standard Temperature at the airport is 15 °C;
  • Aircraft is loaded to its capacity;
  • No wind is blowing on the way to destination Standard temperature prevails along the way.
  India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

  Design of Airports Question 3:

  What is the airport reference temperature, if the monthly mean of average daily temperature for the hottest month of a study year = 24 ° C and the monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature for the same month of the same year = 30°C

  1. 26 ° C
  2. 24 ° C
  3. 30 ° C
  4. 27 ° C

  Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

  Option 1 : 26 ° C

  Design of Airports Question 3 Detailed Solution

  Explanation:

  The airport reference temperature is calculated using the following formula:

  T_a is the monthly mean of the average daily temperature for the hottest month of the year

  T_m is the monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature for the same month of the same year

  T_a = 24 0 C and T_m = 30 0 C

  Substitute these values in the given formula:

  ART = 24 + 2 = 26 0 C

  

  Additional Information

  Procedure to find T_a

  Step 1: Select any month for a given year.

  Step 2: Evaluate the average daily temperature variation for a day and this will be called the daily average temperature for that day. This procedure is repeated for all the other days of that month.

  Step 3: Evaluate the month's mean temperature as;

  Step 4: Repeat the above procedure (Step 2 and Step 3) for all other months of the year. The hottest month is that which has the maximum monthly mean temperature and that will be called T_a.

  India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

  Design of Airports Question 4:

  Match the items in List 1 (Purpose) with those in List 2 (Designed Component used in Airport, and select the answer using codes given below.

  List – I		List – II
  A.	Basic Runway length	1.	Width and length of Safety area of airport
  B.	Runway Capacity	2.	Housing, Servicing of aircrafts
  C.	Runway geometric design	3.	Location of exit taxiways
  D.	Hangar	4.	Engine failure class

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 4, D - 3
  2. A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1
  3. A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
  4. A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2

  Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

  Option 4 : A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2

  Design of Airports Question 4 Detailed Solution

  Explanation:

  The basic runway length is determined in three cases

  1. Normal landing case - Aircraft should stop within 60% of landing distance or runway length
  2. Normal take-off case - minimum clearway width should be 150m and it is also kept free from obstructions.
  3. Engine failure case - In this case, basic runway length may consider either clearway or stop way or both.

  Runway Capacity:

  • The ability of a runway system to accommodate aircraft landing and take-off. It is usually expressed in operation per hour or operation per year.
  • The location of exit taxiways depends on the mix of aircraft, the approach and touchdown speeds, the point of touchdown, the exit speed, the rate of deceleration, which in turn depends on runway capacity and the condition of the pavement surface that is, dry or wet, and the number of exits.

  The following items are to be considered in the geometric design of the runway.

  1. Runway length
  2. Runway width
  3. Width and length of safety area
  4. Transverse gradient
  5. Longitudinal and effective gradient
  6. Rate of change of longitudinal gradient
  7. Sight distance

  Hanger

  • It is the covered area for repair and servicing the aircraft.
  • The hanger depends upon the size of the aircraft and turning radius.
  • The number of hangers depends upon peak hour per volume of aircraft.
  India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

  Design of Airports Question 5:

  A taxiway is to be designed for operating large subsonic aircraft. Which has the following details. Wheelbase = 20m Tread of main landing gear = 6.62 m Turning speed = 45 Kmph Width of taxiway = 22 m Determine the turning radius of the taxiway.

  1. 120 m
  2. 124.6 m
  3. 91.8 m
  4. 180 m

  Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

  Option 2 : 124.6 m

  Design of Airports Question 5 Detailed Solution

  Concept:

  The turning radius of the taxiway is the maximum of the following three criteria.

  1). R = \(v^2\over 125f\)

  2). According to the horonjeff equation

  3). The minimum value of the radius of the taxiway for,

  Subsonic jets = 120 m.

  Supersonic jets = 180 m.

  V = Exit/ Turning speed (Kmph)

  f = coefficient of friction = 0.13

  T = width of the taxiway

  S = Distance between the midway point of the main gear and the edge of the taxiway.

  Calculation:

  V = 45 Kmph, W = 17.7 m, T = 22 m, f = 0.13, tread = 6.62 m

  2. S = \(6+ <6.62\over2>= 9.31\space m\)

  3. R = 120 m (Subsonic aircraft)

  R = 124.6 m

  India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

  Top Design of Airports MCQ Objective Questions

  Design of Airports Question 6

  At a certain station, the mean of the average temperature is 25° C and mean of the maximum daily temperature is 40° C. What is the airport reference temperature (ART) ?

  1. 20.6° C
  2. 25° C
  3. 30° C
  4. 38.6° C

  Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

  Option 3 : 30° C

  Design of Airports Question 6 Detailed Solution

  Concept:

  T_a = Avg. temp of the hottest month

  T_m = Monthly mean of maximum daily temp. of same month.

  Calculation:

  Share on Whatsapp

  India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

  Design of Airports Question 7

  The point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway is called as:

  1. base width of hanger
  2. effective flight width
  3. effective length of runway
  4. effective length of taxiway

  Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

  Option 3 : effective length of runway

  Design of Airports Question 7 Detailed Solution

  Explanation:

  Effective length of runway:

  For takeoff, effective length of the runway means the distance from the end of the runway at which the takeoff is started to a point at which the obstruction clearance plane associated with the other end of the runway intersects the runway centerline.

  

  Additional Information

  Basic Runway Length:

  • It refers to the length of an airport runway under the following assumptions: ​
    • ​ No wind is blowing on runway;
    • Runway is levelled (No effective gradient);
    • Airport is at sea level and Standard Temperature at the airport is 15 °C;
    • Aircraft is loaded to its capacity;
    • No wind is blowing on the way to destination Standard temperature prevails along the way.

    Share on Whatsapp

    India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

    Design of Airports Question 8

    The longitudinal section of a runway provides the following data:

    End – to – end runway (m)	Gradient (%)
    0 to 300	+ 1.2
    300 to 600	- 0.7
    600 to 1100	+ 0.6
    1100 to 1400	- 0.8
    1400 to 1700	- 1.0

    The effective gradient of the runway (in %, round off to two decimal places) is ______.

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 0.30 - 0.34

    Design of Airports Question 8 Detailed Solution

    Explanation As the airport is at MSL and the airport temperature is the same, the elevation and temperature correction is zero. Along the runway the gradient is different, Determining the entire gradient correction Gradient correction: Effective rise or fall \( = \frac> \times 300 - \frac>> \times \left( \right) + \frac>> \times \left( \right) - \frac> \times \left( \right) - \frac>> \times \left( \right)\) = 3.6 - 2.1 + 3 - 2.4 - 3 = - 0.9 ∴ Cumulative rise/fall is - 0.9 m

    End – to – end runway (m)	Gradient (%)	Rise/Fall	Cumulative
    0 to 300	+ 1.2	+ 3.6	+ 3.6
    300 to 600	- 0.7	- 2.1	+ 1.5
    600 to 1100	+ 0.6	3	+ 4.5
    1100 to 1400	- 0.8	- 2.4	+ 2.1
    1400 to 1700	- 1.0	-3	- 0.9

    

    \(Effective\;gradient = \frac>>\) \( = \frac \right)>>> \times 100 = 0.3176\;\% \) ∴ The effective gradient is 0.3176 %

    Share on Whatsapp India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

    Design of Airports Question 9

    At a certain station, the mean of the average temperature is 30°C and mean of the maximum daily temperature is 45° C. What is the airport reference temperature ?

    1. 25° C
    2. 35° C
    3. 45° C
    4. None of the Above

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 2 : 35° C

    Design of Airports Question 9 Detailed Solution

    Concept:

    Airport reference temperature (ART) \(= + \frac - >>\)

    T a = monthly mean of the average daily temperature for the hottest month of the year

    T m = monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature for the same month

    Calculation:

    ∴ ART = 35 ° C

    Share on Whatsapp

    India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

    Design of Airports Question 10

    Which one of the following instances of performance of aircraft is not considered for determining basic runway length?

    1. Normal landing case
    2. Normal take-off case
    3. Engine failure case
    4. Emergency landing case

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 4 : Emergency landing case

    Design of Airports Question 10 Detailed Solution

    Factors affecting basic runway length

    Safety requirements

    Important point:

    Basic runway length is calculated with the following assumptions:

    i) It is calculated at Mean sea level (MSL)

    ii) It is calculated for standard temp 15°C at MSL.

    iii) The gradient is assumed to be zero.

    Due to the variance of these assumptions, some corrections are applied.

    i) Elevation Correction: 7% increase in basic runway length for every 300 m rise above MSL

    ii) Temperature correction: 1% increase for every 1°C rise in airport reference temperature with respect to standard temperature at elevation.

    Standard temperature at elevation = Temperature at MSL – 0.0065 × Elevation

    This increase is made on the already corrected runway length for elevation.

    iii) Gradient correction: 20% increase for 1% of effective gradient.

    Share on Whatsapp

    India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

    Design of Airports Question 11

    According to ICAO recommendation, while selecting the site for a runway, as the elevation of the locality changes, the rate at which runway length has to be modified is:

    1. Decreased at the rate of 5% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL.
    2. Decreased at the rate of 9% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL.
    3. Increased at the rate of 10% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL.
    4. Increased at the rate of 7% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL.

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 4 : Increased at the rate of 7% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL.

    Design of Airports Question 11 Detailed Solution

    Correction for basic Runway length (l)

    i) Elevation correction

    For every 300-meter rise above MSL, the length will be increased by 7%

    ii) Temperature correction

    Airport reference Temperature (ART)

    T m → monthly mean of maximum daily temp of hottest month

    T a → monthly mean of average daily temp of hottest month

    For energy 1°C rise of ART above (SAT x i.e. Standard Airport Temperature) length will be increased by 1%

    Note: As per ICAO, the cumulative connection for elevation and temperature together should not be ≯ 35%.

    Cumulative (%) correction \(= \frac>_2> - >_1>>>>> \times 100 \not > 35\% \)

    If exceeds modify, l 2 = 1.35 × l

    iii) Gradient correction

    For every 1% effective gradient, runway length will be increased by 20%

    Share on Whatsapp

    India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

    Design of Airports Question 12

    Identify the mis-matched pair about type of Airport and the maximum value of longitudinal gradient of a taxiway, as per ICAO.

    1. Type ‘C’ airport - 3.0 %
    2. Type ‘B’ airport - 1.5%.
    3. Type ‘E’ airport - 3.0 %.
    4. Type ‘A’ airport - 1.0%.

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 4 : Type ‘A’ airport - 1.0%.

    Design of Airports Question 12 Detailed Solution

    Explanation:

    Taxiway:

    • Taxiways as defined by ICAO are a defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another in an expeditious manner.

    Design criteria for taxiway:

    1) Longitudinal gradient as per ICAO

    Type or Class of airport	Permissible gradient
    A/B	1.5 %
    C/D/E	3 %

    
    2) Transverse gradient as per ICAO

    Type/Class of airport	Permissible gradient
    A/B/C	1.5 %
    D/E	2 %

    
    3) Rate of change of longitudinal gradient as per ICAO

    Rate of change	Class of airport
    1% / 30 m of vertical curve	A/B/C
    1.2% / 30 m of vertical curve	D/E

    Share on Whatsapp

    India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 6.1 Crore+ Students

    Design of Airports Question 13

    The base length of the runway at the mean sea level (MSL) is 1500 m. If the runway is located at an altitude of 300 m above the MSL, the actual length (in m) of the runway to be provided is _________. (round off to the nearest integer)

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 1605

    Design of Airports Question 13 Detailed Solution

    

    Explanation: Basic runway length is based on some assumptions:- a) Derived at Mean Sea level b) Derived for a standard temperature of 15°C c) The gradient must be zero. The actual runway need not follow all these guidelines and hence we must apply some corrections. The sequential correction is applied in the basic runway length. The first correction is altitude correction, the second correction is temperature correction and the last correction is gradient correction. Altitude Correction: Basic runway length is increased by 7% for every 300 m rise above mean sea level. This is done due to the decrease in drag force on the aircraft owing to the decrease in density of air as the altitude increases. Given: Height above MSL = 300 m, and Basic Runway length = 1500 m After applying elevation correction, \(> = 1500 \times \frac> \times \frac>> = 105>\) Corrected Runway Length = 1500 + 105 = 1605 m Important Points Temperature correction and gradient corrections are applied on the subsequently corrected runway length.